Morning Report: Personal Incomes and Spending increase

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2679	7.6
Eurostoxx index			385.1	0.46
Oil (WTI)			67.48	-0.62
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.96%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.56%

Stocks are higher after a slew of new mergers were announced. Bonds and MBS are up small. 

We have a big week ahead with the FOMC meeting starting tomorrow and the jobs report on Friday. The Street isn't looking for any changes in interest rates at the May meeting, but will focus as usual on the language of the statement. For the jobs report, the expectation is 190k new payrolls and 2.7% annual wage inflation. 

Pending Home Sales were up marginally from February, but were still down on an annual basis, according to NAR's Pending Home Sales Index. Bad weather in the Northeast pushed down pending sales, however all parts of the country were down. Again, blame low inventory and falling affordability. 

Personal Incomes rose 0.3% in March, while personal spending rose 0.4%, in line with expectations. The PCE index was up 2% YOY and the core PCE index was up 1.9%. This is the Fed's preferred measure of inflation and it is right where they are targeting. Income growth was the weakest since last Fall, however. 

The big debate right now is whether there is any slack in the labor market. Anecdotal evidence abounds that companies are struggling to find qualified workers. However, Econ 101 says that we should be seeing higher wage inflation as a result and that isn't happening (at least not yet). Some theories are claiming this is a market failure and that employers are artificially holding down wages (which is then used as an argument for more government intervention in the labor market). I suspect the issue is that there are three big forces holding back wage growth. First, inflation is low - if companies cannot pass along price increases to their customers, they aren't going to be raising wages. Second, lower wage jobs are competing with technology which is only getting better and cheaper. And finally, the long-term unemployed represent a reservoir of slack that companies know they can tap if needed. FWIW, I think the first and third explanations explain it, and find the idea that employers are somehow colluding to keep wages low to be wholly unconvincing. Take a look at the chart below, which shows wage increases versus inflation. You are seeing actual wage growth.

For now it looks like the 3% level in the 10 year has held. What drove the sell-off - it wasn't like there was anything data-wise to support it. JP Morgan blames CTAs using momentum strategies to short the 10-year. Chinese selling has also been rumored to be a factor. We won't be able to confirm or deny that theory for a couple of months. CTA funds have been net short Treasuries since September, however a momentum signal in mid-April caused people to pile into the trade and that apparently drove the late month sell-off. 

Steve Mnuchin is "cautiously optimistic" on trade talks with China. The subject will include intellectual property and joint ventures. 

Defect risk decreased on a MOM basis but was up on a YOY basis, according to the First American Loan Defect Index. The biggest risk was in the sand states, while the lowest risk was in the Rust Belt. 

Morning Report: GDP comes in better than expected

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2673	-1.5
Eurostoxx index			384.63	0.87
Oil (WTI)			67.92	-0.27
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.97%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.62%

Stocks are flat this morning after GDP came in higher than expected. Bonds and MBS are up small. 

The advance estimate of first quarter GDP came in at 2.3%, higher than the Street 2.0% estimate. Consumption rose 1.1%, in line with estimates, and inflation was lower than expected at 2%. In many ways, this was a Goldilocks type report, with decent growth and controlled inflation. The savings rate increased to 3.1%, compared to 2.6% in the fourth quarter. One note of caution: the first quarter has had some quirky measurement issues over the past several years, which has subjected it to subsequent upward revisions. The tax cuts will probably have a similar effect this time around. 

Wage inflation is picking up, according to the Employment Cost Index which rose 0.8% for the quarter and is up 2.7% for the year. Wages and salaries increased 0.9% compared to 0.5% in the previous quarter. For the Fed, these two reports this morning are great news. Real wage growth (2.7% increase in wages and salaries less a 2% increase in inflation) with moderate growth and inflation. 

Consumer sentiment slipped from March's 14 year high in April to a still strong 98.8.

The Fed Funds futures are predicting a 93% chance of another 25 basis point hike at the June meeting. 

North and South Korea pledged to de-nuclearize the peninsula and declare an official end to the 50 year old Korean War. 

Freddie Mac is introducing its 3% down product for first-time homebuyers - HomeOne. With an Affordable Second, the LTV can go as high as 105%. Income and geographic limits are intended to reach a broad audience. 

The CFPB has fixed the "black hole" issue in TRID. 

Morning Report: Initial Jobless Claims lowest since 1969

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2652.75	8.25
Eurostoxx index			382.29	2.12
Oil (WTI)			68.61	0.56
10 Year Government Bond Yield				3.00%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.62%

Stocks are higher this morning on strong earnings from Facebook. Bonds and MBS are up.

The ECB maintained its current policy and made some cautious comments, which is pushing up bonds in Europe. US Treasuries are following along on the relative value trade. 

The 10 year has made a pretty sizeable move over the past month or so, and mortgage rates typically lag. So don't be surprised if mortgage rates continue to tick up, even if the 10 year finds a home at the 3% level. 

The homeownership rate was flat in the first quarter at 64.2%. It is up from 63.6% a year ago however. It bottomed in the second quarter of 2016 at 62.9%. 

Durable Goods Orders increased 2.6% in March, following a strong February. Ex-transportation, they were flat however and core capital goods, which is a proxy for business capital investment, fell slightly. February's already strong numbers were revised up slightly. 

Retail inventories fell 0.5% while wholesale inventories increased by the same amount. 

Initial Jobless Claims fell to 209,000 last week, which is the lowest number since 1969. When you adjust for population growth, the number becomes even more dramatic:

Deutsche Bank is scaling back its US operations to focus on becoming a more Euro-centric bank. It is hard to believe, but almost 20 years ago, the bank decided to make a big foray into the US market by buying Banker's Trust and Alex Brown. 

Moody's is worrying about the next area of opportunity in the mortgage market: cash-out refinances. As many CLTVs are approaching 75%, homeowners may choose to do a cash-out to either consolidate higher rate debt, or perhaps do home improvements. The other opportunity remains refinancing FHA loans that have accumulated enough equity to qualify for a conforming loan without MI. Finally, those who still have ARMs might find the relative attractiveness of a 30 year fixed to be a compelling switch. In an environment of rising home prices and rising interest rates, these will be the only game in town. 

Homebuilders are facing rising input costs - sticks and bricks, if you will. Framing lumber prices are up 16% this year, and plywood is up 33%. Inventory is so tight that builders are able to pass these costs onto homebuyers. A tight labor market remains an issue for the industry as well. All of this points to higher home prices going forward. 

For those wondering if we are indeed at the end of the credit cycle, here is WeWork's bond offering, which came in at $700 million with bonds paying 7.875%. Borrowing money at 7.875% for 5% cap rate office space? Set that aside for the moment. They introduced a new financial concept, called "community-adjusted EBITDA," which not only strips out interest, depreciation and amortization, and taxes, but also ignores general and administrative, marketing, and design / development costs. That has to be the first time I have ever heard this term before, and it should just be renamed EBBS - or earnings before bad stuff. 

Morning Report: Markets sell off as 10 year breaches 3% level

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2626.5	-9
Eurostoxx index			379.58	-3.53
Oil (WTI)			67.53	-0.22
10 Year Government Bond Yield				3.02%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.59%

Stocks are lower this morning after yesterday's interest rate-driven sell-off. Bonds and MBS are down.

The 10 year breached the 3% mark yesterday, which served as a catalyst for a substantial stock market sell-off. Of course 3% is just a round number, but it is the highest rate since 2014. Some pros are looking for a global slowdown in the economy, which could make some corporate borrowers vulnerable. We certainly appear to be in the late stages of a credit cycle. Junk-rated bond issuance has been on a tear over the past few years, reaching $3 trillion as yield-starved investors have had to reach into the lower credits to make their return bogeys. That said, corporate bond spreads are still at historical lows, (investment grade spreads are still half of what they were as recently as early 2016. Let's also not forget that much of the bond issuance over the past 8 years went to refinance old debt at higher interest rates - in other words it was a net positive for these companies. 

We are now going to see just how much of the huge rally in financial assets over the last decade was due to the inordinate amount of stimulus coming out of the Fed. As stocks now have to compete with Treasuries, some changes in asset allocations are to be expected and the riskier assets are going to bear the brunt of the selling. Keep things in perspective, however. Interest rate cycles are measured in generations. 

One of the benefits of QE has been to goose asset prices (which was kind of the whole point). Increasing people's net worth would increase spending and therefore increase GDP. It probably worked, however that hasn't been costless. One of the problems with increasing real estate prices is that it shuts people out from places where there is opportunity (California in particular). If you already own property in CA and have been experiencing torrid home price appreciation, you can move since your increased home equity can be used to purchase another expensive property. But if you live in the Midwest were home price appreciation has been less, you might not be able to take that job in San Francisco since you can't afford to live there. That said, negative equity was probably a bigger problem and home price appreciation did mitigate that issue. 

Mortgage Applications fell 0.2% last week as purchases were flat and refis were down 0.3%. Conforming rates increased 6 basis points, while government rates increased 1. ARMs decreased to 6% of total applications. A flattening yield curve makes ARMs less and less attractive relative to 30 year fixed mortgages.  

Acting CFPB Director Mick Mulvaney has made some changes at the Bureau. First, he is ending the pursuit of auto lenders, which Dodd-Frank prohibited. The Cordray CFPB did an end-around by going after the big banks behind some of the auto financing, and that will end. Second, Mulvaney will no longer make public the complaint database against financial services companies, saying that “I don’t see anything in here that I have to run a Yelp for financial services sponsored by the federal government.” Finally, he plans to change the name from the CFPB to the BCFP. All of this is in keeping with Mulvaney's commitment to follow the law and go no further. 

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2682	10.5
Eurostoxx index			383.28	0.1
Oil (WTI)			68.68	0.01
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.99%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.56%

Stocks are up this morning on strong earnings by Caterpillar. Bonds and MBS are down. 

New Home Sales rose 4% MOM and 8.8% YOY to an annualized pace of 694,000 in March. The median sales price was$337,200 and the inventory of 301,000 represented about 5 month's worth. The number was well above Street estimates, however the confidence interval for this estimate is invariably wide. 

Consumer Confidence improved to 128.8 in April as tax cuts have pushed sentiment to post-recession highs. 

Home price appreciation is accelerating, with the Case-Shiller Home Price index up 6.8% YOY. We saw double-digit annual increases in San Francisco, Seattle, and Las Vegas. 

The FHFA House Price Index reported a bigger increase - 7.2% YOY. The FHFA index only covers conventional loans, so it is a narrower index than Case - Shiller. The increases ranged from 4.8% in the Middle Atlantic to 10.3% in the Pacific.

What is the issue with the lack of home construction? Lack of labor. The construction industry has about 250,000 unfilled jobs right now, according to the NAHB. At the peak of the bubble, there were about 5 million people in construction; today that number is closer to 3.8 million. Many of these workers found employment in other industries (especially energy extraction) and aren't about to go back. Immigration restrictions are another headache, as the government estimates that 13% of the construction workforce is working illegally. Finally, the opiod epidemic is particularly problematic in an industry where people are likely to be injured on the job and in pain generally. Ultimately, wages will have to increase to the point to lure a new generation of construction workers out of their climate controlled offices. 

Round numbers always bring out the strategists, and as the 10 year sits close to the 3% level, we are seeing pieces discussing the asset allocation implications. Since the financial crisis, the earnings yield on the S&P 500 has been higher than the 10 year, although the premium is at the lowest level since 2010. One strategist thinks the 1950s are a good analogy for investors, where interest rates gradually rose as the memories of the Great Depression faded and the economy was strong. As an aside, Jim Grant discusses how the big retail investor trade in the 1950s was the leveraged curve flattener, where people would borrow short term money to invest in long-term Treasuries. That trade worked until the bond market crashed in the late 50s and a lot of people got carried out. 

Is demand falling for houses? According to Redfin's Housing Demand Index it is. “Abnormally late winter weather and an early Easter likely delayed homeowners planning to list their homes for sale in March,” said Redfin chief economist Nela Richardson. “While inventory levels are still not nearly high enough to meet strong buyer demand, we do expect new listings to pick up in April and May.”

The House has introduced legislation to end regulation by enforcement by the CFPB. HR 5534 would require the CFPB to provide guidance on its regulations and to establish a framework for monetary penalties. 

Morning Report: 10 year pushing towards 3%

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2675	3.9
Eurostoxx index			381.41	0
Oil (WTI)			67.33	-1.07
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.97%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.51%

Stocks are higher this morning on no real news. Bonds and MBS are down. 

US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin signaled that the US is ready to discuss a truce in the trade war with China. He characterized his mood as "cautiously optimistic" and said he won't make a commitment on timing. Beijing welcomed the announcement. Separately, Mnuchin also discussed easing sanctions on Rusal which sent aluminum prices back down. 

Existing home sales rose on a month-over-month basis in March, but are down on an annual basis according to NAR. Lawrence Yun, NAR chief economist, says closings in March eked forward despite challenging market conditions in most of the country. "Robust gains last month in the Northeast and Midwest – a reversal from the weather-impacted declines seen in February – helped overall sales activity rise to its strongest pace since last November at 5.72 million," said Yun. "The unwelcoming news is that while the healthy economy is generating sustained interest in buying a home this spring, sales are lagging year ago levels because supply is woefully low and home prices keep climbing above what some would-be buyers can afford."

The median home price was $250,400, up 5.8% YOY. Inventory is down over 7% YOY to 1.67 million units, which represents a 3.6 month supply at current sales levels. A historically balanced market would be 6.5 month's worth. Properties stayed on market for an average of 30 days, which is down almost a week YOY. The first time homebuyer accounted for 30% of sales, and all-cash sales were 20% of transactions.

Commodity price inflation has pushed the 10 year yield to 3%. Many technical analysts consider that to be confirmation that the 3 decade bull run in bonds is over. The one caveat is that the sell-off is being driven by rising commodity prices which tends to be temporary, especially if it doesn't translate into wage growth. You can see the pop in yields post-election below. Hard to believe we were sub 1.8% in late October 2016.

This week will have some important data to the bond market, with GDP and the employment cost index on Friday. We will also get a slew of housing data with existing home sales, new home sales, and Case-Shiller. 

The Street estimate for Q1 GDP is 2%. Generally speaking, the estimates from the banks are lower than the estimates from the regional Federal Reserve banks. 

Economic activity moderated in March, according to the Chicago Fed National Activity Index. Production and employment indicators fell. February's reading was unusually strong, however. The CFNAI is a meta-index of 85 different economic indices, and can be volatile. It isn't a market-mover. 

A paper suggests that the ratings agencies largely got it right with the bubble-era RMBS. The AAA tranches (even subprime) were largely money good, and the study pours cold water on the popular narrative that inflated ratings on RMBS caused the financial crisis. 

The big banks are rushing to launch websites and apps for mortgages as volume contracts. Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and JP Morgan have either launched or plan to launch mortgage banking tech products in response to Rocket Mortgage from Quicken. The company claims that 98% of its customers in the first quarter (some $20 billion in origination) accessed Rocket at some point in the application process. That is an astounding number, though I wonder if that includes push notifications that the borrower didn't necessarily respond to or interact with. 

Speaking of tech, HUD is looking into allegations of housing discrimination by Facebook. Facebook uses big data to allow advertisers to slice and dice the demographics any way they want to target their specific market. What if advertisers decide to target some demographics and not others? That is considered non-problematic for things like consumer products, but housing could be a different story. 

Morning Report: Wells gets a $1 billion fine

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2691.25	-1.75
Eurostoxx index			381.41	-0.54
Oil (WTI)			67.9	-0.39
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.92%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.45%

Stocks are lower this morning on no real news. Bonds and MBS are flat.

The Index of Leading Economic Indicators took a step back in March, following unusually strong readings in January and February. Employment-related indicators drove the decline, however weather could have played a part. “The LEI points to robust economic growth throughout 2018,” said Ataman Ozyildirim, director of business cycles and growth research at the Conference Board. “While the Federal Reserve is on track to continue raising its benchmark rate for the rest of the year, the recent weakness in residential construction and stock prices—important leading indicators—should be monitored closely.”

Regulators are close to fining Wells Fargo $1 billion. This stems from force-placed auto insurance and improperly charged lock extensions. An internal review found that up to 20,000 customers had their cars repossessed due to these improper insurance charges. 

Donald Trump tweeted about how OPEC's manipulation of oil prices will not be tolerated. “Looks like OPEC is at it again,” Trump said on Twitter. “Oil prices are artificially Very High! No good and will not be accepted!” OPEC fired back, claiming that oil prices reflect geopolitics and not manipulation. 

Maxine Waters introduced legislation to increase scrutiny of FHA servicers. The bill aims to improve compliance with loss mitigation actions to prevent foreclosures. It will also establish a process for borrowers to register complaints and make appeals if they believe they are being treated unfairly. I am not sure what chance this has of actually becoming law, but government MSRs already trade far back of Fannie MSRs, and I can't imagine this helps things. 

Here is a new metric for measuring affordability: payment power. It basically is a metric that looks at MSAs on a granular level. it measures incomes versus available inventory and calculates how many people can afford the PITI payments for the typical home for sale. It takes into account changes in incomes (say due to an employer entering or leaving), interest rates and property taxes. Unsurprisingly, the Midwest has the best payment power levels, while the West Coast has the least. 

Nice fixer-upper just went for $1.23 million in the Bay Area.

Morning Report: Don't fret the flattening yield curve

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2701.75	-8
Eurostoxx index			381.94	0.11
Oil (WTI)			69.26	0.79
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.90%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.44%

Stocks are lower as commodities surge. Bonds and MBS are down.

The US imposed sanctions on Russia's Rusal, which has sent aluminum prices up 30% and nickel to 3 year highs. This has the potential to spill through to finished products and bump up inflation. As a general rule, commodity push inflation generally isn't persistent. An old saw in the commodity markets: the cure for high prices is... high prices. 

Initial Jobless Claims ticked up to 232,000 last week, still well below historical numbers. 

Investors are starting to worry about the inverted yield curve. An inverted yield curve (where short term rates are higher than long term rates) has historically signaled a recession. The spread between the 10 year and the 2 year is around 41 basis points, which is a 10 year low. Is that what the yield curve is telling us now? I would answer this way: the yield curve is so manipulated by central banks at the moment, that the information it is putting out should be taken with a boulder of salt. We are in uncharted territory, where long term rates are no longer set purely by market forces. 

Also, take a look at the chart below, where I plotted the last 4 tightening cycles. In the last 2 cycles, the yield curve inverted, by a lot. In late 2000, the yield curve inverted by 100 basis points - that would be like the Fed taking the FF rate up to 4% while the 10 year hovers around here - at 3%. I would note that the mid 90s tightening cycle didn't cause a recession, and the late 90s and mid 00s tightening cycles didn't result in recessions immediately - it took years before the economy entered into a recession. 

The question is whether the Fed caused these recessions. It is possible, and the Fed was probably the catalyst to burst the late 90s stock market bubble and the mid 00s real estate bubbles. But these were going to burst anyway. It doesn't really matter what the catalyst is. This time around, we don't really have a similar bubble - we may have pockets of overvaluation, but we don't have bubbles that the typical American is invested heavily in. Not like stock or houses. I think the Fed is happy to gradually get off the zero bound and once we are at 3% on the Fed funds rate will be content to stop. I could see the 10 year going absolutely nowhere during that time. 

My take is this: take the shape of the yield curve as a very weak and distorted economic signal - the labor data will tell you what is really going on, and the labor data is signalling expansion, not recession. 

Don't forget that bond rates are set in a global market, and relative value trading between sovereign bonds will play a role. The US 2 year is at a multi-decade premium to the German 2 year, and in theory, that should mean that investors sell Bunds to buy Treasuries. The reason why that isn't happening? The US dollar, which isn't buying the Administration's rhetoric. 

Facebook wants to get into the semiconductor business. Really. First Zillow wants to get into the house flipping business and now this. I don't understand why companies with great business models want to dilute them. Both companies have a competitive moat with a largely recession-proof business model. The semiconductor business is one of the most cutthroat, lousy businesses this side of refineries and airlines. Take a look at QCOM today. 

The NAHB remodeling index dipped in March, driven by bad weather in the Northeast and the Midwest. With home affordability slipping due to higher interest rates and home prices, remodeling remains a good substitute for moving up. 

Morning Report: Controversial CA housing bill dies in committee

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2716.75	10
Eurostoxx index			380.83	0.06
Oil (WTI)			67.63	1.11
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.84%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.44%

Stocks are higher this morning as earnings from the financials continue to pile in. Bonds and MBS are flat. 

Mortgage Applications increased 5% last week as purchases rose 6% and refis rose 4%. The refi share was 37.8%, the lowest in a decade. Purchase activity was up on a YOY basis however. Mortgage rates were generally flat as international tensions and the FOMC minutes dominated the news. 

2017 was a tough year for the mortgage industry, as profits per loan were more or less cut in half, from $1,346 to $711. Revenues per loan were up, as higher loan balances driven by home price appreciation were offset by lower margins due to competitive pressures. Volumes were down 20% overall, and down 9% on a comparable basis. While revenues per loan increased, costs were up more, and productivity fell. 

The IRS's computer system crashed yesterday due to all the last minute e-filers. If you were unable to file yesterday, you are in luck - the IRS gave you an extra day to get it in without penalty.

Most consumers don't rate shop when getting a mortgage. This is a surprise since the savings is actually pretty big: between $1,000 and $2,000 over the life of the loan when getting a single competing quote. It increases to $2,000 - $4,000 when the borrower gets 5 competing quotes. Why more don't do that is a mystery. 

An unprecedented bill (SB 827) allowing the state to overturn local zoning ordinances died in committee yesterday. California has an acute housing shortage, and affordable housing advocates had been pushing hard for a bill that would force cities to accept dense multi-family housing complexes within a half mile of rail stops. The bill's early demise was a blow to affordable housing advocates and environmentalists, who want to reduce the need for driving. 

The IMF is warning that years of 0% nominal interest rates have created risks in the financial system, with valuations of risky assets stretched and some late-stage credit cycle behavior. The subprime auto sector in the US is one case in point, and we have multiple residential real estate bubbles globally, especially in China and Canada. That said, the banking system is much more safe and capitalized now than it was 10 years ago. They warn that investors aren't positioned for a sharp increase in inflation and interest rates over the next several years. Which is probably the right bet - if the Chinese credit and real estate bubble implodes, it will be deflationary, not inflationary. 

A very NYC scene..

Morning Report: Housing starts still below demand

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2698	16.25
Eurostoxx index			379.67	1.95
Oil (WTI)			66.26	0.05
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.83%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.44%

Stocks are higher this morning as China relaxes ownership restrictions on domestic manufacturers. Bonds and MBS are flat. 

We have a lot of Fed-speak today, especially in the morning. Separately, Trump announced two Fed nominees: Richard Clarida of Columbia, to be the Vice Chairman of the Fed and Michelle Bowman, previously a bank executive from Kansas. For all of his criticism of the Fed while on the campaign trail, Trump has nominated pretty much middle-of-the-fairway people to the Board. 

Housing starts came in at 1.32 million, better than expectations but still well below what is needed to meet demand. Building Permits came in at 1.35 million. Single family starts fell, while multi rose. Most of the increase was in the Midwest. 

Industrial Production rose 0.5% last month, while manufacturing production rose 0.1%. Capacity Utilization increased to 78%. So far we aren't seeing any tariff effects in the numbers.

Bank of America announced earnings yesterday, and lumped mortgage banking income into the miscellaneous "all other income" category. What an ignominious end to Countrywide. Bank earnings season continues.

Independent mortgage bankers saw profit per loan get cut in half last year as refis dried up and the business got more competitive. Refis fell from 36% of all origination volume to 25%. 

Zillow crunched the numbers and looked at the typical homebuyer in 2017. The typical buyer is 40 years old, making 87k. Millennials make up 42% of the cohort. They typically spend about 4.3 months finding a home. Interestingly, despite the size of the investment, most homebuyers only contacted 1 lender. Here is what is important to homebuyers when thinking about a lender:

The median home was sold in 81 days, and that includes the closing process. This means the typical home was on the market for only 1 month. This is 8 days faster than 2016. 

The National Low Income Housing Coalition has a new report showing how acute the housing shortage is at the low end. Only 35 affordable and available rental homes exist for every 100 extremely low income renter households. Rising home prices and mortgage rates are reducing affordability, however interest rates are still extremely low historically. In the early 80s, a the first year's mortgage payment consisted of 99% interest, 1% principal. 

The IMF forecasts that global growth will hit 3.9% this year, the fastest since 2011, driven by emerging Europe, and the US. 

Morning Report: Zillow gets slammed after changing its business model

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2672	14
Eurostoxx index			378.3	-0.91
Oil (WTI)			66.56	-0.84
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.87%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.44%

Stocks are higher despite coordinated strike in Syria over the weekend. Bonds and MBS are down. 

Watch the oil markets. North Sea Brent crude is rising on tensions in the Middle East, but West Texas Intermediate (which is the main oil used in the US) is shrugging off the news. Bullish bets on Brent oil have hit record highs. 

The 2 year hit 2.4%, the highest level since 2008. The flattening of the US yield curve continues. 

There isn't much in the way of market-moving data this week, although we will get a lot of Fed-speak. Probably the biggest one will be housing starts tomorrow. 

Retail sales rose 0.6% in March, which was better than the Street 0.4% consensus. The control group increased by 0.4%, a touch below the 0.5% consensus estimate. Gasoline sales were up on higher prices. Revisions were lower, however. 

Business activity in New York State decelerated last month according to the Empire State Manufacturing Survey. New Orders and Production slowed down somewhat, but employment remained firm and the workweek increased. Future sentiment declined to the lowest level in 2 years.

The NAHB / Wells Fargo Housing Market Index slipped last month, but builder sentiment remains strong. 

Wells Fargo faces $1 billion in fines due to force-placed auto insurance and improper charges for lock extensions. The big banks have all reported strong earnings, and the tax law changes are certainly helping. 

Zillow shares fell 9% on news they plan to get into the house flipping business. "We're entering that market and think we have huge advantages because we have access to the huge audience of sellers and buyers," Zillow CEO Spencer Rascoff said on CNBC's "Squawk Alley." "After testing for a year in a marketplace model, we're ready to be an investor in our own marketplace." Investors are understandably skeptical, as the multiple for a fintech company is much higher than one for a property company, and it puts Zillow in direct competition with the realtors who utilize the site. Investors are not wild about changing focus from an ad model with high margins and low balance sheet usage to one that is low margin and uses a lot of balance sheet. Another issue: will people trust Z-scores if the company has a financial interest in the value of real estate in a particular area?

Want to know how acute the housing shortage is in California? From 2000 - 2015, the state built 3.4 million too few homes to keep up with job, population, and income growth. That is over 2 year's worth of current housing starts for the whole US population. Pretty astounding when you consider those years start before the housing bubble really got going. CA has always had NIMBY issues, and now there is a push to allow dense multi-family building near public transit, even if local zoning codes prohibit it. Separately, it looks like Dodd-Frank regulations did have an adverse affect on smaller banks. I wonder how much that plays into the housing shortage. 

Speaking of CA housing, here is what you can get for $800,000 in San Jose. Handyman special. 

Morning Report: Wells reports flat YOY growth in origination

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2676	12.5
Eurostoxx index			380.54	1.72
Oil (WTI)			66.97	-0.24
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.83%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.42%

Stocks are higher after it looks like cooler heads are prevailing in a trade war with China. Bonds and MBS are down. 

Donald Trump told his aides to explore re-joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal after withdrawing early in his administration. Does this mean "re-negotiate?" Unclear, but that would encounter heavy resistance. Still, it is better than throwing around tariff threats. Markets are breathing a sigh of relief. 

Job openings were little changed at 6.1 million in February. They are up almost 8% YOY however. The quits rate was stuck at 2.2%. The quits rate is a metric the Fed invariably mentions in their analysis of the job market and wage inflation. A higher quits rate usually presages wage inflation. Construction and manufacturing had big increases in openings. 

Consumer sentiment slipped in the preliminary April reading. Market volatility could be driving it, however higher gas prices could be playing a role as well. 

Acting CFPB Head Mick Mulvaney appeared before the Senate Banking Committee yesterday, and noted that Dodd-Frank only requires him to appear, not answer questions. Jeb Hensarling made a crack about the Chairman could sit and play Candy Crush in front of Congress if he wanted to. Mulvaney did answer questions, however he was making a point about how little accountability the agency has, and perhaps a point from his memo earlier - that the CFPB would follow the law, but go no further. The big question for the CFPB is the status of the PHH case. If that goes to SCOTUS, the only one that has standing to defend the agency is the Administration. 

Wells Fargo reported earnings, and it looks like they have been affected less by higher rates than other independent bankers. Mortgage origination was down 19% QOQ, which is simply seasonality at work, but they were only down 2% YOY. As you would expect, the purchase business is a higher percentage, and it looks like they were able to maintain flat YOY growth by getting more aggressive in the correspondent channel. The price of that was a sizeable drop in margins - 31 basis points. 

JP Morgan saw a more typical drop, with originations down 19% YOY. The servicing portfolio fell as well. Citi reported better earnings on equity trading. 

Californians may get to vote for a divorce from each other - to separate the state into 3 separate ones. One will contain the coast between LA and SF, another will be Northern CA, and the other will be Southern CA. As of now, LA and SF basically control the whole state, and there is a big conflict between the coastal environmental types and the farmers who supply something like half of the US's agricultural output. Still, given that Democrats control the state and the ag belt will probably vote R, this probably isn't happening. 

Morning Report: Minutes offer clues why the Fed keeps missing on inflation

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2355.5	14.5
Eurostoxx index			377.42	1.23
Oil (WTI)			66.58	-0.24
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.80%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.39%

Stocks are rising this morning on no real news. Bonds and MBS are down. 

While investors are still worried about conflict in Syria, things seem to be settling down somewhat as Russia seemed to cool their rhetoric and Trump backed off from suggesting an attack was imminent. Call it WWE diplomacy: lots of trash-talking outside the ring, which often leads nowhere. 

The last of the 3 inflation indicators this week came in lower than expected. Import prices were flat month-over-month and rose 3.6% YOY. Import prices are driven by the currency and commodity prices, so the Fed tends to de-emphasize them.  

Initial Jobless Claims fell to 233,000 last week. The labor market continues to shrug off the volatility in the markets. 

The FOMC minutes didn't really reveal much we don't already know, however one statement stuck out. On the labor market, they mentioned that the labor force participation rate was stronger than they had expected. That is interesting because the conventional wisdom in the markets and Washington is that the labor force participation rate is too low. The implications of that view - that the labor force participation rate should be lower - means that their inflation forecasts going forward might be too high. They are forecasting the unemployment rate to fall lower, which would in theory trigger more wage inflation (companies fighting for fewer workers), and push the Fed to hike rates faster in response. If they are getting the forecasts wrong for the labor force participation rate, it means that (a) they have more room to let the economy run, and (b) the longer-term growth rate of the economy is higher. This is good news. Perhaps it is a realization that fewer people are retiring at 65, and many of those longer-term unemployed are returning to the labor force. The labor force participation rate acts as sort of a speed limit for the economy. As it rises, the speed limit rises as well. 

With regard to trade, this is what they had to say: "Participants did not see the steel and aluminum tariffs, by themselves, as likely to have a significant effect on the national economic outlook, but a strong majority of participants viewed the prospect of retaliatory trade actions by other countries, as well as other issues and uncertainties associated with trade policies, as downside risks for the U.S. economy." In other words, the trade war has to really escalate for it to register economically. 

Mick Mulvaney laid out his vision for the CFPB in his semiannual testimony to Congress yesterday. His prepared remarks are here. As he alluded to earlier, things are changing: "The Bureau is going about its work in several new ways. First, to execute the new mission, the Bureau will continue to seek the counsel of others and make decisions only after weighing relevant available evidence and a full range of perspectives. Second, the Bureau will protect the legal rights of all, equally. And third, we will do what is right with confidence, acting with humility and moderation." On enforcement, he said: In another change, the Bureau practice of “regulation by enforcement” has ceased. The Bureau will continue to enforce the law. That is our job, and we take it seriously. However, people will know what the rules are before the Bureau accuses them of breaking those rules. Finally, he stated that the CFPB will review the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and recommend changes.

CoreLogic notes that we have yet to see any effects of the new tax regime on home price appreciation. It is still early, however. That said, we do have a lot of inventory at the higher price points - probably most of it was driven by building decisions over the past several years - however tax reform is certainly not helping, at least in the high price / high tax MSAs. 

Morning Report: Inflation comes in lower than expected

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2632.25	-22.75
Eurostoxx index			375.86	-2.56
Oil (WTI)			66.25	0.74
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.77%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.43%

Stocks are lower this morning on tensions in the Middle East. Bonds are up on the risk-off trade.

In political news, House Speaker Paul Ryan will not run for re-election. 

Inflation came in lower than expected in March, falling 0.1% MOM and rising 2.4% YOY. Ex-food and energy, the index rose 0.2% MOM and 2.1% YOY. Bonds are breathing a sigh of relief on the number. 

We will get the minutes from the March FOMC meeting today at 2:00 pm. They usually aren't market-moving, but just be aware. Since this is Jerome Powell's first meeting as head of the FOMC, it might be parsed a little more closely than usual. 

Mortgage applications fell 2% last week, as both refis and purchases fell by the same amount. This was in spite of a 3 basis point drop in the typical 30 year fixed mortgage rate. Refis are at their lowest level in a decade. Refi activity is going to be driven more by home price appreciation these days.

Luxury homes are taking longer and longer to sell, and are trading at bigger discounts to the asking price. This is especially acute in high tax states like New York, where there is an absolute glut of homes above $1 million. Part of it is simple over-pricing. The homes that sat on the market for over 180 days went for 71% of asking price, while homes that went in under 180 days got 93% of the asking price.

The CFPB released its annual review of consumer complaints, and credit / consumer reporting topped the list, which is unsurprising given the Equifax data breach last year. Debt collection was the next biggest issue, followed by mortgages. Richard Cordray's bugaboo - payday lending - failed to garner even 1% of complaints. This is what Mick Mulvaney was referring to when he said "data will drive our decisions."

Rising home prices relative to incomes are pushing up debt to income ratios, which is why this Spring Selling Season is shaping up to be the worst in years. Part of the problem was alluded to above - a dearth of inventory at the low end of the price scale and a glut at the high end.

City grind got you down and you are thinking of moving to the country? Here are some things to consider..

A record 64 million Americans (or about 20%) live in multi-generational households. This is largely driven by younger adults who continue to live with their parents. The ratio bottomed in 1980 and has been moving steadily upward ever since. 

Morning Report: Markets recover on soothing trade statements out of China

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2647	28.75
Eurostoxx index			376.97	1.67
Oil (WTI)			64.76	1.34
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.79%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.41%

Stocks are up big after Chinese President Xi Jinping made a speech that emphasized dialogue and opening up the Chinese markets. Bonds and MBS are flat. 

In a speech to the Boao Forum, Chinese President Xi Jinping warned against returning to a "Cold War mentality" and pledged to make progress on imports, foreign ownership limits, and intellectual property. This have always been the sticking points with the Chinese, and while they may just be empty words, they are being taken optimistically this morning. 

Inflation at the wholesale level increased in March, as the PPI came in a little higher than expected. The headline number rose 0.3%, while the core rate rose 0.4%. Higher metals prices (in response to tariff announcements) drove the increase. 

Small Business Optimism remains in the top 5% historically, according to the NFIB. Lower taxes are driving the increase in sentiment. Improved earnings were the second best reading in 30 years. Biggest problem: Quality of Labor. In fact, 21% of all respondents considered the inability to find qualified labor their biggest headache. A net 33% reported increasing compensation, the highest number since 2000. Perhaps we might start seeing a bit of a move in wage inflation, however the biggest predictor of wage inflation - the quits rate - hasn't gone anywhere in years. We'll get an update on the quits rate Friday. 

The CFPB has initiated no enforcement actions since Mick Mulvaney took over, according to consumer advocates. Prior CFPB Chairman Richard Cordray preferred to "regulate by enforcement action" which is the more aggressive approach to take with banks. Mick Mulvaney, in a memo to his staff, promised to end the Bureau's pattern of "pushing the envelope" and "looking for excuses" to bring lawsuits. The enforcement action is one of two ways for the Bureau to regulate - the other is via supervisory means - in other words confidential discussions with the banks involved. Richard Cordray preferred to use only the enforcement action, which the industry disliked. The best analogy would be driving down an expressway with no speed limit signs. The only way to find out if you are going over the limit is when you (or someone else) gets a ticket. Regulators generally loathe to put out "bright lines" for fear that the industry will go right up to the line, and then figure out how to game it. Mulvaney is backing off from that approach. 

That said, as any compliance officer can tell you, the CFPB is the not only agency to worry about. The individual states also have jurisdiction and can do much of what the CFPB did. New Jersey (one of the most creditor-unfriendly states out there) has just set up its own version of the CFPB, nominating ex-DiBlasio attorney Paul Rodriguez to run the Director of Consumer Affairs. "Rodriguez’s selection highlights the Administration’s efforts to fill the void left by the Trump Administration’s pullback of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), fulfilling one of Governor Murphy’s promises to create a “state-level CFPB” in New Jersey."

Perhaps due to the increased regulatory scrutiny in DC (and elsewhere) big banks are getting back in the subprime business, although they are doing it indirectly. Big bank loans to non-bank financial firms in the business of subprime auto, etc are up sixfold since 2010. For example, Exeter, which does sub-600 FICO auto loans is owned by Blackstone and has a line of credit from Wells and Citi.

Delinquencies remain elevated in areas hit hard by the hurricanes, but early stage delinquencies are back to normal levels, according to CoreLogic. The 30+ DQ rate came in at 4.9% in January, down 0.2% YOY. The foreclosure rate fell to 0.6% from 0.8% a year ago. 

Homebuyer sentiment rebounded in March, according to the Fannie Mae Home Purchase Sentiment Index. Of course people may want to buy, but there isn't much around in the way of inventory. Overall, people are reasonably optimistic on the economic front as well. 

Morning Report: Corporate credit spreads are widening

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2621	15.3
Eurostoxx index			375.48	0.66
Oil (WTI)			62.54	0.48
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.79%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.43%

Stocks are up to start the week after a pretty lousy session on Friday. Bonds and MBS are flat.

The week after the jobs report is usually pretty data-light, however we will get the Producer Price Index and the Consumer Price Index on Tuesday and Wednesday. 

Friday's jobs report should allay investor fears that the Fed is behind the curve, at least according to PIMCO's Mohammed El-Arian. The light payroll number was probably weather-driven and the 3 month average is around 200k, which is solid and respectable. Wage growth came in as expected. Investors should take comfort that the Fed is probably not at risk of making a policy mistake due to an overheating economy. His view is that there is a 65 / 35 percent chance the Fed will stick the landing, meaning that economic growth will continue to more broadly expand and that markets will adapt to the higher volatility associated with normal monetary policy.

An example of higher volatility: corporate bond spreads. The end of 2017 was characterized by extremely low volatility in the stock and bond markets. When volatility falls, risk premiums contract. We saw corporate credit spreads reach pre-crisis levels. Since the beginning of the year, they are back to widening. Bad news for corporate bond funds, which have been beset by widening spreads and higher rates. 

The story of the past couple of years has been "subprime auto." The chickens are coming home to roost on this trade, and we are starting to see some subprime auto finance companies go bankrupt. Indeed, when you talk about the effects of low volatility in the market, things like this come to mind. With rates being held down by Fed actions, investors inevitably reach for yield. For a while, you could get a lower rate on a 6 year auto loan than you could on a 30 year fixed rate mortgage. This is insane when you take into account that the value of the collateral underlying a mortgage is 90% sure to increase over time, while the value of the collateral underlying the car loan is 100% sure to depreciate over time. That said, this won't be a repeat of 2008 economically. 

Mortgage credit got tighter in March, according to the MBA's Mortgage Credit Availability Index. It was most pronounced in government lending, which could have been explained by some of the weakness and illiquidity we were seeing in the higher coupon Ginnie securities. Ginnie investors have been burned by higher prepay speeds and have been reluctant to buy the higher coupon securities. This makes the higher note rates (which is where the lower credit scores usually reside) cut off from the rest of the market.