Morning Report: Refinance applications hit an 18 year low

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2857	-2.75
Eurostoxx index			389.8	-0.69
Oil (WTI)			68.41	-0.76
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.99%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.58%

Stocks are flattish this morning on no real news. Bonds and MBS are down. 

Mortgage applications fell 3% last week as purchases fell 2% and refis fell 5%. Activity overall has fallen to a 19 month low. The refi index has is at an 18 year low. 

Mortgage credit availability increased in July, although it tightened for government loans. The MBA's MCAI increased 1.7%, which is a post-crisis high, but nowhere near what it was during the bubble years.  "Credit availability continued to expand, driven by an increase in conventional credit supply. More than half of the programs added were for jumbo loans, pushing the jumbo index to its fourth straight increase, and to its highest level since we started collecting these data. There was also continued growth in the conforming non-jumbo space, which reached its highest level since October 2013," said Joel Kan, MBA's Associate Vice President of Economic and Industry Forecasting. Note that some observers think the MCAI understates how loose credit is, when you look at things like LTV and credit scores. 

Separately, US banks eased lending standards for business loans. The report noted increased demand for business loans, and decreased demand for commercial real estate loans. As mortgage lending dries up, banks are competing more for small business loans, although increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans also helped. 

Elon Musk proposed the largest LolBO ever on Twitter yesterday, saying he was thinking of taking Tesla private at $420 a share. He claims he has funding secured, which is quite the statement. Even in this market, raising $71 billion isn't the easiest thing in the world, especially for a negative cashflow company trading with an EV / EBITDA in the 150s.  Perhaps the price should have tipped people off that this was a joke, but apparently it isn't. 

The NAHB conducted a survey of potential homebuyers, and only 14% are planning to buy a home in the next year. That number was 24% in the fourth quarter of 2017. Of those planning to buy a home, 61% are first time buyers, of which 71% are Millennials. Most are noting that the number of homes for sale with the desired features and price point are smaller than they were 3 months ago. 

Morning Report: Mortgage credit availability eases

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2792	4
Eurostoxx index			388.99	1.46
Oil (WTI)			65.94	-0.41
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.96%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.62%

Stocks are higher as we await the FOMC decision. Bonds and MBS are flat.

The FOMC decision is set to come out at 2:00 pm EST. Investors are going to probably focus most closely on the dot plot to get a sense of whether we get 1 or 2 more hikes this year. Generally speaking, the dot plots have been a bit more hawkish than the Fed Funds futures market.

Inflation appears to be picking up at the wholesale level (kind of echoes what we were seeing yesterday in the NFIB Small Business Optimism report). The Producer Price Index rose 0.5% MOM / 3.1% YOY, which was higher than expectations. Much of the pressure came from higher energy prices. Trade (which is a function of the dollar) was the other catalyst. Ex-food and energy, prices rose 0.1% MOM / 2.6% YOY. The Fed does pay attention to this number, however the PCE index is their preferred measure of inflation, and it is sitting close to their target.

Mortgage applications fell 2% last week. Both purchases and refis fell by the same amount.

Mortgage Credit Availability rose in May by 1.5% as a dwindling refi market is encouraging originators to widen the credit box. While the index has been steadily rising since 2011 when it was benchmarked it is nothing like the bubble, where credit was orders of magnitude tighter.

The business press warns that liquidity is going to dry up during the next crisis. While Dodd-Frank claims to allow market making (and not proprietary trading), there is no doubt that banks are going to be completely uninterested in sticking their necks out during the next sell-off. Even worse will be ETF investors who think an exchange traded fund gives them a liquidity risk "free lunch". (It isn't like I am investing in junk bonds - I am investing in an ETF that invests in junk bonds - its different!) When the underlying assets of that ETF go no-bid, so will the ETF.

Ever wonder why servicing values in states like NY, NJ, and CT are so low? The foreclosure process can stretch out for years. In this case, the occupants made their last payment in June 2010.

Speaking of the Northeast, all real estate is local as they say. While the West Coast sees sales close in weeks, luxury properties languish for years in the Northeast. The tony NYC suburb of New Canaan, CT has banned "for sale" signs, because there are too many of them (although the excuse is that people shop on line). There is definitely a bifurcation line in the NYC suburbs - below $750k you can move the property, above that good luck. And $1.5 million or more, forget about it.

From the NAHB: rental inflation is moderating. Meanwhile, home equity hits a new high.

Morning Report: No we are not in another housing bubble

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2716	10
Eurostoxx index			387.8	4.74
Oil (WTI)			66.4	-0.63
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.92%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.48%

Stocks are higher after a Goldilocks employment report. Bonds and MBS are down.

Jobs report data dump:

• Payrolls up 223,000 (expectation was 190,000)
• Unemployment down to 3.8%
• Labor force participation rate 62.7% (a drop)
• Average hourly earnings up 0.3% / 2.7%

The Street was looking for wage growth of 0.2% MOM, but the annual number was in line with expectations. The wage growth print shouldn't move the needle as far as the Fed is concerned. The employment - population ratio increased a tad as the population increased by 183k and the number of employed increased by 293k. We saw another good jump in construction jobs. Bottom line, a good report for equity markets, and a push for the bond market. 

In merger news, Citizens Bank is acquiring Franklin American Mortgage. This deal should vault Citizens into a top-15 mortgage lender, bulk up its servicing portfolio and diversify its origination mix. 

Italy has found a solution to its political crisis with a new coalition government that will be installed on Friday. Treasury yields should probably be higher, however tough trade talk out of the Trump Administration is keeping them lower. Even the International Steelworkers is against new tariffs, and if you can't even get the unions on your side it says a lot...

Hard to believe it is here already, but the hurricane season is just beginning. CoreLogic estimates that 7 million homes are at risk in what NOAA expects to be a normal or above normal season. Note the National Flood Insurance program is set to expire right in the middle of the season. 

Construction spending increased in April, according to the Census Bureau. Residential construction rose 4.4% MOM and 9.7% YOY. 

Manufacturing accelerated in May, according to the ISM report. Employment expanded sharply. New order and production also grew. 

As usual, the ISM report showed employers having difficulty finding qualified labor. Labor shortages are a theme these days, but you aren't seeing the growth in wages you would expect. I wonder if part of the issue is application tracking systems, which seize on keywords and therefore have to be gamed somewhat. How many applicants are unaware of this or are simply bad at it? And if so, how many qualified workers are being screened out and never get presented before a set of eyes? I suspect ATS are good for companies in bad times, when there are a surfeit of applicants, but work against them when the labor pool is tighter. 

An interesting editorial in the Wall Street Journal today about the credit box and the possibility of another housing bubble. The authors point to the way home prices have outstripped income growth and posits that a widening credit box (i.e. new 3% down loans from Freddie) are contributing. The authors suggest that underwriters tighten standards, and the government tighten loan parameters to prevent another foreclosure crisis when the market turns. 

With regard to home price appreciation, is it due to widening credit standards, or is it due to restricted supply? In other words, is it a housing start problem or a MCAI (mortgage credit availability index) problem? The chart below is of the MBA's Mortgage Credit Availability Index, which shows a loosening of standards since the bottom, but also demonstrates we are nowhere near the standards that existed during the bubble (and pre-bubble days). 

FHA and the GSEs are stepping in on low downpayment loans because there is a complete and utter void in the private market. Prior to the crisis, FHA was a sleepy backwater of the mortgage market, targeted toward low income first time homebuyers. Afterward, its share grew because it was the only game in town. Let's not conflate FHA mortgages with neg-am pick a pay loans of the bubble years. IMO the issue is a lack of supply (heck the appreciation is the highest in places like San Francisco, where the median price is double the limit on a FHA loan). Housing starts around 2 million for the next several years is what will be needed to cool off home price appreciation (along with the REO-to-rental types ringing the register on their portfolios). 

Morning Report: Corporate credit spreads are widening

Vital Statistics:

			Last	Change
S&P futures			2621	15.3
Eurostoxx index			375.48	0.66
Oil (WTI)			62.54	0.48
10 Year Government Bond Yield				2.79%
30 Year fixed rate mortgage				4.43%

Stocks are up to start the week after a pretty lousy session on Friday. Bonds and MBS are flat.

The week after the jobs report is usually pretty data-light, however we will get the Producer Price Index and the Consumer Price Index on Tuesday and Wednesday. 

Friday's jobs report should allay investor fears that the Fed is behind the curve, at least according to PIMCO's Mohammed El-Arian. The light payroll number was probably weather-driven and the 3 month average is around 200k, which is solid and respectable. Wage growth came in as expected. Investors should take comfort that the Fed is probably not at risk of making a policy mistake due to an overheating economy. His view is that there is a 65 / 35 percent chance the Fed will stick the landing, meaning that economic growth will continue to more broadly expand and that markets will adapt to the higher volatility associated with normal monetary policy.

An example of higher volatility: corporate bond spreads. The end of 2017 was characterized by extremely low volatility in the stock and bond markets. When volatility falls, risk premiums contract. We saw corporate credit spreads reach pre-crisis levels. Since the beginning of the year, they are back to widening. Bad news for corporate bond funds, which have been beset by widening spreads and higher rates. 

The story of the past couple of years has been "subprime auto." The chickens are coming home to roost on this trade, and we are starting to see some subprime auto finance companies go bankrupt. Indeed, when you talk about the effects of low volatility in the market, things like this come to mind. With rates being held down by Fed actions, investors inevitably reach for yield. For a while, you could get a lower rate on a 6 year auto loan than you could on a 30 year fixed rate mortgage. This is insane when you take into account that the value of the collateral underlying a mortgage is 90% sure to increase over time, while the value of the collateral underlying the car loan is 100% sure to depreciate over time. That said, this won't be a repeat of 2008 economically. 

Mortgage credit got tighter in March, according to the MBA's Mortgage Credit Availability Index. It was most pronounced in government lending, which could have been explained by some of the weakness and illiquidity we were seeing in the higher coupon Ginnie securities. Ginnie investors have been burned by higher prepay speeds and have been reluctant to buy the higher coupon securities. This makes the higher note rates (which is where the lower credit scores usually reside) cut off from the rest of the market. 

Morning Report: Mortgage Credit Increases

Vital Statistics:

	Last	Change
S&P Futures	2285.3	-0.3
Eurostoxx Index	363.7	0.9
Oil (WTI)	51.8	-0.4
US dollar index	90.7	-0.1
10 Year Govt Bond Yield	2.36%
Current Coupon Fannie Mae TBA	102.1
Current Coupon Ginnie Mae TBA	103.2
30 Year Fixed Rate Mortgage	4.13

Stocks are flat this morning while bonds and MBS are up.

Mortgage applications rose 2.3% last week as purchases rose 2% and refis rose 2%. Refi activity slipped to 48% of total applications, the lowest since June 2009. 

Jeb Hensarling, the Chairman of the US Financial Services Committee says that reforming Dodd-Frank is a "this year priority." Congressional Republicans are planning to introduce legislation that will give banks relief from certain Dodd-Frank provisions if they increase their capital. 

In expectation of an easier regulatory environment, we are seeing startup banks after a long dormant period post-crisis. Eight banks filed applications with the FDIC in 2016. This is a far cry from the salad days when you would see 250-300 applications, but it is a step in the right direction towards increasing credit. 

Speaking of credit, the MBA Mortgage Credit Availability Index rose in January. The conventional, conforming, government and jumbo indices all rose, although jumbo was really what drove the increase. Since the index was benchmarked at 100 in early 2012 (probably the bottom of the housing market) the increase since then looks pretty dramatic. However, when you compare it to the longer term chart (that includes the bubble years) you can see how much things have changed. 

Long-term MCAI chart: Credit probably overshot in the immediate aftermath of the bubble (and credit is probably still too tight), however we are nowhere near returning to the days when ads for "pick a pay" mortgages dominated the Super Bowl. 

Will rising rates kill home price appreciation? Probably not, since inventory is so tight. At a minimum, borrowers are looking to get ahead of any increase in mortgage rates, so this could be a lagged effect. Ultimately, mortgage rates will be determined by the 10 year bond, which is influenced by the Fed Funds rate, but doesn't move in lockstep. In fact, the correlation between the two is quite low: around .12 since 1990. Until we start seeing wage inflation, the yield curve will probably flatten as the fed hikes. 

Morning Report: Mortgage credit eases in October

Vital Statistics:

	Last	Change
S&P Futures	25109.8	30.0
Eurostoxx Index	333.4	4.0
Oil (WTI)	44.5	0.5
US dollar index	88.0	0.4
10 Year Govt Bond Yield	1.82%
Current Coupon Fannie Mae TBA	103
Current Coupon Ginnie Mae TBA	104
30 Year Fixed Rate Mortgage	3.61

Stocks are higher this morning after the FBI absolved Hillary Clinton of her email woes. Bonds and MBS are down. 

Tomorrow we will go to the polls to vote in our fearless leader. Here is a cheat sheet for how markets should react based on the consensus of strategists. Punch line: Trump is negative for stocks, and positive for bonds. Hillary is the opposite. The effect will be only short-term as well. That said, IMO the black swan event is a D sweep. 

Meanwhile, the fast money is hiding in gold. 

Consumer spending increased in October, according to Gallup. A poll of consumers indicated that they spent on average $93 a day in October from $91 in September. 

Credit eased somewhat in October, according to the MBA's Mortgage Credit Availability Index. The jumbo end of the market drove the increase. Since the depths of the real estate bust, mortgage credit has increased tremendously, however compared to the bubble days it is extremely tight. 

The labor market improved in October, according to the Labor Market Conditions Index. It rose to 0.7 from -0.2 in September. The LMCI is a composite index of various leading and lagging labor market indices, so it shouldn't have much of an effect on markets. 

55+ housing had a strong 3rd quarter, according to the NAHB. 

Realtors have a huge influence of a borrower's lender decision, according to a new survey out of Freddie Mac. The biggest factors are ease of doing business, reputation and the strength of their relationship with the realtor. From the article: "Eighty-four percent of real estate professionals have a select group of lenders to which they generally refer their clients. Of these, 73 percent have 1-3 lenders in their network and 24 percent work with 4-6 lenders. More than three-quarters (76 percent) say their clients always or often use their recommended lender referrals. This figure climbs to 87 percent among those who sell more than 20 properties per year."

Morning Report - Credit is tightening slightly in the mortgage market

Vital Statistics:

	Last	Change	Percent
S&P Futures	2051.9	-6.8	-0.33%
Eurostoxx Index	3273.4	-24.1	-0.73%
Oil (WTI)	37.67	0.2	0.43%
LIBOR	0.477	0.015	3.25%
US Dollar Index (DXY)	97.78	-0.699	-0.71%
10 Year Govt Bond Yield	2.23%	0.01%
Current Coupon Ginnie Mae TBA	104.4
Current Coupon Fannie Mae TBA	103.3
BankRate 30 Year Fixed Rate Mortgage	3.84

Stocks are lower this morning on no real market-moving news. Bonds and MBS are down.

Mortgage Applications rose 1.2% as refis rose 3.5% and purchases were flat. 

Wholesale inventories fell by 0.1% as sales were flat. 

Mortgage credit availability fell in November, according to the MBA. This means credit standards increased. Conventional loans tightened while government loans loosened slightly. While mortgage credit availability has increased steadily since the US residential real estate market bottomed in 2012, it is still a shadow of its former self. 

The MBA has its latest survey on mortgage bank profitability and volume. Last quarter, the average gain on a mortgage for independent mortgage bankers and the mortgage subsidiaries of banks fell from $1,522 to $1,238 (or about 55 basis points). On a year-over-year basis, it was an increase from $897 (or 42 bps) in the third quarter of 2014. Average volume in the third quarter was $614 million (or 2,609 units), which was the second highest print since 2008. Lots of useful stats in this survey.

While home prices have been appreciating at a mid single digit clip, rental prices have been increasing even faster. Last year, nearly half of all renters spent at least 30% of their in rent, which qualifies as cost-burdened. A quarter paid 50%. This is creating an affordable housing problem, especially in urban areas. 

The Fannie Mae Home Purchase Sentiment Index fell a couple of points as increasing prices and limited inventory are making things difficult for potential buyers. Second, consumers are becoming a touch more pessimistic about their future incomes.